What is the difference between sensation and transduction




















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Nature , —54 Feske, S. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Ellen A. Lumpkin or Michael J. Reprints and Permissions. Mechanisms of sensory transduction in the skin. Download citation. Published : 21 February Issue Date : 22 February Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Nature Communications Experimental Brain Research The four major components of encoding and transmitting sensory information include: the type of stimulus, the stimulus location within the receptive field, the duration, and the intensity of the stimulus.

Key Terms membrane potential : the difference in electrical potential across the enclosing membrane of a cell action potential : a short term change in the electrical potential that travels along a cell transduction : the translation of a sensory signal in the sensory system to an electrical signal in the nervous system. Transduction The most fundamental function of a sensory system is the translation of a sensory signal to an electrical signal in the nervous system.

A mechanosensitive channel is connected to the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton by hair-like tethers. When pressure causes the extracellular matrix to move, the channel opens, allowing ions to enter or exit the cell.

When a sound causes the stereocilia to move, mechanosensitive ion channels transduce the signal to the cochlear nerve. Encoding and Transmission of Sensory Information Four aspects of sensory information are encoded by sensory systems: the type of stimulus, the location of the stimulus in the receptive field, the duration of the stimulus, and the relative intensity of the stimulus.

Provided by : Boundless. Provided by : Wiktionary. Located at : en. October 17, More Sensory Transduction provides a thorough and easily accessible introduction to the mechanisms that each of the different kinds of sensory receptor cell uses to convert a sensory stimulus into an electrical response.

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Chapter 1 The senses. Failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention is called inattentional blindness. In a similar experiment, researchers tested inattentional blindness by asking participants to observe images moving across a computer screen.

They were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. Motivation can also affect perception. Have you ever been expecting a really important phone call and, while taking a shower, you think you hear the phone ringing, only to discover that it is not? If so, then you have experienced how motivation to detect a meaningful stimulus can shift our ability to discriminate between a true sensory stimulus and background noise.

The ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background is called signal detection theory. This might also explain why a mother is awakened by a quiet murmur from her baby but not by other sounds that occur while she is asleep. Signal detection theory has practical applications, such as increasing air traffic controller accuracy.

Controllers need to be able to detect planes among many signals blips that appear on the radar screen and follow those planes as they move through the sky. In fact, the original work of the researcher who developed signal detection theory was focused on improving the sensitivity of air traffic controllers to plane blips Swets, Our perceptions can also be affected by our beliefs, values, prejudices, expectations, and life experiences. The shared experiences of people within a given cultural context can have pronounced effects on perception.

For example, Marshall Segall, Donald Campbell, and Melville Herskovits published the results of a multinational study in which they demonstrated that individuals from Western cultures were more prone to experience certain types of visual illusions than individuals from non-Western cultures, and vice versa. These perceptual differences were consistent with differences in the types of environmental features experienced on a regular basis by people in a given cultural context.

In contrast, people from certain non-Western cultures with an uncarpentered view, such as the Zulu of South Africa, whose villages are made up of round huts arranged in circles, are less susceptible to this illusion Segall et al. It is not just vision that is affected by cultural factors. Sensation occurs when sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli.

Perception involves the organization, interpretation, and conscious experience of those sensations. Sensory adaptation, selective attention, and signal detection theory can help explain what is perceived and what is not. In addition, our perceptions are affected by a number of factors, including beliefs, values, prejudices, culture, and life experiences. Not everything that is sensed is perceived.



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