The research findings may be a valid contribution to the discussion on the development of study programs focused on improving and maintaining various dimensions of human health and well-being. Modern university study programs often lack deep philosophical content, which should play a significant role in shaping the spirituality of young people. The commercialization of modern culture and marginalization of the humanistic education have removed the need to seek the meaning of life and reflect on the purpose of life.
It seems that in a postmodern culture mostly focused on fulfilling the material needs of individuals, it is worth investing in the development of resources associated with spirituality.
As demonstrated by Cotton et al. In contrast, Jafari et al. Therefore, the results of the present study may find some practical application in the area of education. Certain limitations of the study must be addressed.
Firstly, the present study had a cross-sectional scope, and the subjects were not randomized between the groups. Thus, the results were not controlled for other inter-group variables. Further research is necessary, preferably using a longitudinal design allowing for comparisons before and after the choice of education type.
Secondly, we used only self-report methods to measure all variables. Thirdly, although we tried to diversify the study group by conducting studies in both state and private universities from different Polish cities, still the choice of particular majors and not involving others focused on the human body e. We also did not explore the relatively larger number of students from other academic centers, and the study programs of the same majors may differ in part due to institutional autonomy.
Fourthly, according to many researchers mature spirituality and religiosity are characteristic of people over 30 years of age e. To gain some more reliable knowledge about the relations between the studied constructs, it may be necessary to repeat the questionnaire survey in older groups. Fifthly, we did not consider such other determinants as attitudes toward lifestyle or cultural and socio-economic factors, which may affect the examined variables.
Another limitation is that the tested model did not include separate subscales but rather general scores of each measure. The decision to use an elementary model was dictated by the lack of theoretical assumptions about the relationships between various measures to be tested. In fact, more complex associations may exist within different aspects of measured constructs.
However, without theoretical assumptions, an exploratory approach might lead to spurious conclusions. Finally, the study results are limited to Poland only. It would be interesting to conduct research in more diverse environments. Spirituality and health-related behaviors can play a significant role in defining psychological well-being. Personal focus on physical health and the human body or psychosocial health and the human mind and spirit, might also determine psychological well-being.
However, these claims require more research, especially involving a comprehensive and analytical approach to various types of health-related behavior, different forms of spirituality, and detailed aspects of psychological well-being. Further research is also necessary to explore other determinants of the choice of university studies, e.
The findings of the study supplement the existing literature by indicting that multiple pro-health behaviors are positively related to psychological well-being.
The study provides valuable information for faculty members responsible for curriculum development — not only in the context of higher education — but also for the enhancement of the contents of their educational programs with activities encouraging young people to lead a healthy lifestyle and build a healthy and resourceful society.
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. PN and AB conceived, designed, and executed the study.
MB analyzed the data. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Alborzi, S. Sociological study of spiritual health in young individuals with an emphasis on social and cultural capital.
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Spirituality and Physical Health Doctors and scientists once avoided the study of spirituality in connection to medicine, but more recent findings have made some take a second look. Death rates were lower than expected before an important religious holiday, which suggested to researchers that faith might have postponed death in these cases. They were also more likely to have consistently lower blood pressure.
Patients undergoing open-heart surgery who received strength and comfort from their religion were three times more likely to survive than those who had no religious ties. Can Spiritual Beliefs Enhance Parenting? Examine your involvement in the community. Recall the feelings you had at the birth or adoption of your child. It may even promote healing. Improving your spiritual health may not cure an illness, but it may help you feel better. It also may prevent some health problems and help you cope better with illness, stress, or death.
If you want to improve your spiritual health, you may want to try the following ideas. However, remember that everyone is different. What works for others may not work for you. Do what is comfortable for you. If your doctor is treating you for an illness, you should consider sharing your spiritual beliefs with him or her. Your spirituality might affect your feelings and thoughts about your medical situation.
If you think your spiritual beliefs are affecting your health care decisions, tell your doctor. You should always tell your doctor if your spirituality is preventing you from following his or her recommendations. If you have spiritual beliefs, worries, or concerns that are causing you stress, talk with your family doctor. I was traveling during t Are hell and heaven real? Lisa Oz. Swedenborg says that these are not places but states.
Heaven is made up of people who share a common How do I answer the question "who am I"?
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