Edit source History Talk 0. Cannot use: Notes [ ] Dive-Bomb does not guarantee the user a follow-up attack. If the user can perform a follow-up attack, either by a speed check or a skill such as Brash Assault 3 , the initial attack and follow-up will occur before the foe can perform a counterattack.
A foe with a skill such as Vantage 3 has priority over the user with Dive-Bomb. Dive-Bomb changes the attack priority, or order of attacks, and therefore can be disabled by skills such as Hardy Bearing 3. List of owners [ ] Unit Skill chain. Tibarn: Shipless Pirate. Morgan: Devoted Darkness. Scendscale Sorcery Blade Triangle Adept.
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Staff Exp. Navies increasingly operated carriers, which had a limited number of aircraft available for attack, each with only a small bomb load. Targets were often likely to be a small or fast-moving and the need for accuracy made dive bombers essential. Udet, then a stunt pilot, flew one in aerobatic displays during the Berlin Olympic Games. Due to his connections and Nazi party , he became development director of the Ministry of Aviation Nazi Germany where he pushed for dive bomber development.
Dive bombing would allow a low-cost Luftwaffe to operate effectively in the tactical role. Against small targets, a single-engine dive bomber could achieve four times the accuracy at one tenth of the cost of a four engine heavy bomber, such as the projected Ural bomber. Soon the Luftwaffe issued a contract for its own dive bomber design, resulting in the Junkers K 47 , which following extensive trials would in turn result in the gull-winged Junkers Ju 87 Stuka a contraction of Sturzkampfflugzeug , literally "diving combat airplane".
Several problems, such as the tendency of the fixed undercarriage to sink into soft ground and an inability to take-off with a full bomb load appeared. Condor Legion experience in Spain demonstrated the value of dive bombers especially on morale of troops or civilians unprotected by air cover. He also insisted against the advice of Ernst Heinkel that the Heinkel He bomber, ordered in November , be able to dive bomb.
Lack of a sufficiently powerful, reliable powerplant fatally compromised its utility and it never performed in the dive bomb role and the requirement was eventually dropped. Royal Navy procedures required a navigator when operating over open ocean to find the carrier in case the carrier had moved in bad weather. The Skua was intended to intercept attacks by unescorted long-range bombers. With four 0. Just were built and it was relegated to target towing.
Five airframes left behind in Halifax later reached the RAF, who quickly relegated them to the status of ground instructional airframes for the training of mechainics. It was to prove a potent weapon against surface ships. Only the Wehrmacht learned from the Battle of Cambrai in using dive bombers in conjunction with tanks. The writings of Colonel J.
Fuller a staff officer and Basil Liddell-Hart a military journalist propounded the concept of mobile tank forces supported by ground-attack aircraft creating a breakthrough.
These were eagerly studied by Heinz Guderian who created the combination of Panzers and Junkers Ju 87s which proved so potent in Poland and France. The Stuka could be used as aerial artillery moving far ahead of the main forces with Panzers to smash enemy strong points without waiting for the horse-drawn artillery to catch up.
It was central to the concept of Blitzkrieg which required close co-ordination between aircraft and tanks by radio. Both were level bombers with similar bomb-loads and entered service in Many were also supplied to the Soviet Air Force, which also used the Ilyushin Il-2 Sturmovik ground-attack aircraft in huge numbers. None of these were dive bombers. The invasion of Poland and the Battle of France saw the Stuka used to devastating effect. The British Expeditionary Force had set up strong defensive positions on the west bank of the Oise River to block rapidly advancing German armour.
Stukas quickly broke the defences, and a crossing was forced long before German artillery arrived. The Stuka showed its weakness in the Battle of France when it encountered fighter opposition. Six French Curtiss Hs attacked a formation of unescorted Ju 87s over Sedan, shooting down 11 out of 12 without loss. Losses were such that it was rapidly withdrawn from operations over the United Kingdom.
The Stuka had 7. Some were modified to destroy tanks with 37mm cannons mounted below the wings. They were very successful in this role in the early days of Operation Barbarossa before the Red Army Air Force countered with modern fighters, such as the Yakovlev Yak-1 and later Yakovlev Yak-3 [34].
The most successful dive bomber pilot was Hans-Ulrich Rudel who made 2, sorties. He sank the Soviet battleship Marat at Kronstadt on 23 September using 1, lb kg bombs.
Later, using a tank buster Stuka with 20mm cannon, he claimed over Soviet tanks destroyed, mostly at the Battle of Kursk in June The Ju 87G equipped with two 37mm anti-tank guns, as suggested by Rudel proved to be a lethal weapon in skilled hands. In the Soviet counter-offensive, Operation Kutuzov , which concluded Kursk, the Luftwaffe claimed 35 tanks destroyed in a single day.
When Italy joined the war on the Axis side Breda Ba 65s were shipped to North Africa for use against the British but they also proved vulnerable. But by February most had been shot down by British fighters. The United States Army Air Force took delivery of a few North American Mustangs from a British order but as there were no funds to buy more fighters, they were modified as dive bombers with a new wing and dive brakes.
It was very fast at low altitude. Sadly it was also accident-prone, achieving the highest casualty rate during training of any USAAF aircraft and was officially restricted to no more than a degree dive. It proved to be an excellent dive bomber and a good fighter creating one ace in Italy who shot down five German fighters [40]. On 3 April , in Operation Tungsten , 42 aircraft flying from the carriers HMS Victorious and HMS Furious scored 14 hits with lb kg and 1, lb kg bombs and put the battleship out of action for over two months.
The Vultee Vengeance was developed in the US as a private venture dive bomber for export. It first flew in March It had a zero incidence wing which was perfect for vertical dives as there was no lift from wing or tailplane in a dive. But it had to fly in a nose up attitude to maintain level flight, which made landings difficult. Initial orders were for France, but France fell before they could be delivered.
It was considered too vulnerable to German fighters for use in Europe or North Africa but large numbers flew in Burma from March Navy invested considerable effort on dive bombers. Japan started the war with a very good design, the carrier-borne Aichi D3A "Val". As the war progressed the design became outdated due to its limited speed, due in part to the limited horsepower of its power plant and to the greater drag of its fixed main landing gear a shortcoming shared by the Stuka.
Later in the war the Dauntless was replaced with the faster, but more complex and trouble-prone Curtiss SB2C Helldiver from December Both airplanes were ubiquitous, with 6, Dauntlesses and over 7, Helldivers built. Two Fulmars and five D3As were shot down and four damaged. At the Battle of Midway on 7 June after most of the torpedo bombers had been shot down without a single hit, Dauntlesses from USS Yorktown found four Japanese carriers, in the vulnerable stage of refuelling and rearming aircraft for a second strike.
Soryu and Akagi were ablaze within six minutes while Kaga hit only once exploded as the bomb ignited fuel and bombs in the hangar. Within hours the Imperial Japanese Navy had lost most of its fleet and many experienced naval airmen, both of which Japan would have difficulty in replacing. In crates headed for the Philippines, they were diverted to Australia and operated from Charters Towers in Queensland.
On 26 July just seven Banshees were sent to intercept a Japanese convoy supplying forces occupying New Guinea. Six were shot down. With a sleek fuselage, retracting landing gear and a powerful licensed Daimler-Benz engine, it could outpace pursuing Grumman F4F Wildcats.
To maximise speed and range, the Japanese had dispensed with armour protection and self-sealing fuel tanks which proved to be very costly when the US Navy deployed the new Essex-class aircraft carriers which each carried 36 of the faster Grumman F6F Hellcats. Henceforward attacks were mostly confined to kamikaze. Japan's industrial output dropped from a peak in while the US increased by a quarter in two years from to After World War II , the rise of precision-guided munitions and improved anti-aircraft defences — both fixed gunnery positions and fighter interception — led to a fundamental change in dive bombing.
New weapons such as rockets allowed for better accuracy from smaller dive angles and from greater distances. They could be fitted to almost any aircraft including fighters , improving their effectiveness without the inherent vulnerabilities of dive bombers, which needed significant air superiority to operate effectively. However, the British Government's Chief Scientist, Henry Tizard formed a panel of experts which recommended using rockets. A rocket has a much flatter trajectory than a bomb allowing it to be launched with reasonable accuracy from a shallow dive, and could be fitted on existing aircraft.
The British Army had used rockets against low-flying bombers during the Battle of Britain by enlarging the tube from 2 inches 51 mm to 3 inches 76 mm and fitting high explosive warheads, it became an anti-tank weapon. These rockets were fitted with iron spikes and fired at a shallow angle into the sea.
Once under water, they curved upwards and punctured the pressure hull below the waterline, disabling or sinking the submarine. At over 4 long tons 4. By late , the RAF was able to hit stationary targets with greater accuarcy from greater heights inflicting far more damage with less risk.
On 12 November , two 5-long-ton 5. The Tallboy was developed by Vickers designer Barnes Wallis who followed it up with the even larger long-ton 10 t Grand Slam earthquake bomb which was used to destroy railway viaducts and bridges, targets that could previously only be damaged in diving attacks.
Wallis also designed a bomb that bounced across water to destroy the Eder and Moehne dams, which needed to be hit repeatedly at the same spot under water to be breached but had nets to protect against torpedoes. US pilots in the Pacific later developed a technique of skip bombing which required flying at low level and dropping a spherically-nosed conventional bomb onto the sea, at a shallow angle, which then bounced back into the air.
Although new aircraft could still be dived toward their targets, they were no longer optimized for steep diving attacks. A bomb can be dropped far from a target's air defences using a guidance system to hit the target, ensuring greater accuracy and minimizing risk to the crew.
Jet engines allowed higher speeds which made " toss bombing " possible, a reverse dive bombing method where an aircraft snaps up from low altitude as a bomb is released, throwing it upwards like a shot put. Military Wiki Explore. Popular pages. Raaen, Jr. Project maintenance. Register Don't have an account? Dive bomber. Edit source History Talk 0. For other uses, see Dive Bomber disambiguation. Jungle Dive Bombers at War. John Murray, London, Dive Bomber.
Stackpole Books PA. London: Jane's Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN X. The last of the dive bombers. British Aircraft Armament. Volume 2. Guns and Gunsights. Patrick Stephens, London. The Billy Mitchell Affair. New York: Random House, Arms and Armour, London, ISBN Die Geschichte der Sturzkampfbomber aus aller Welt.
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Chancellor Press. London: Eagles of War, Stuka Pilot Hans Ulrich Rudel. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History. New York: Bounty Books, Wings of Fame Vol. London: Aerospace Publishing, Naval Aircraft. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since London: Putnam, New York: Crown, Grub Street, London Typhoon Wings of 2nd TAF US Air launched 5-inch rockets Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi.
Maidenhead, UK: Sampson Low, Brown, David.
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